The I/O capabilities built into most microcontrollers make it easy to measure the analog world. Say you want to build a data logger for temperature. All you need to do is get some kind of sensor that ...

The low output voltage level of the analog sensor and the long distance to the control room together constitute significant system design challenges. Here are clues on how to solve them. The 4-20 mA ...

The simple circuit in Figure 1 uses a low-current-drain MAX4073H amplifier to sense the current flowing through a 4- to 20-mA loop. The circuit senses the current through a 1Ω resistor with a fixed ...

Imagine this scenario: There is a flow meter with 4–20 mA output setup. The switch is flipped, thereby turning it on. Then it is noted that the readings are off, and the required output is not shown.