Microbiologists and fish researchers have discovered an entirely new type of symbiosis: bacteria in the gills of fish that convert harmful ammonia into harmless nitrogen gas. Fish produce a lot of ...

The transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia across fish gills is waterflow-dependent, oxygen being the most flow sensitive and ammonia the least, in the reverse order of their solubilities.

Fish induce production of a particular antibody in their gills in response to pathogen exposure, researchers report at the conclusion of work that could lead to improved fish vaccines for aquaculture.