Linear finite-element analysis does not provide enough information about buckling to make correct design decisions, especially when designing lightweight components ...

Lateral-torsional buckling is a critical instability mode in slender, thin-walled beam-elements subject to bending. In contrast to pure flexural buckling, this phenomenon couples out-of-plane ...

Steel beams with web openings are increasingly employed in modern construction to serve both structural and utilitarian functions. The presence of cut‐outs in the web enables the passage of mechanical ...