Chondrocytes in cartilage are differentiated from mesenchymal cells during embryonic development. Differentiated chondrocytes, which are the only cell type found in normal mature cartilage, synthesize ...

2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) is known as a synthetic inhibitor of glucose. 2DG regulates various cellular responses including proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation by regulation of glucose ...

Cartilage is essential throughout vertebrate life. It starts developing in embryos when osteochondroprogenitor cells commit to chondrogenesis, activate a pancartilaginous program to form cartilaginous ...

Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of insulin resistance and dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Insulin deficiency is thought to be caused by both beta-cell dysfunction ...